Introduction to Emergency and Critical Nursing
Definition of Emergency and critical care:
It is a specially designed and equipped
facility staffed by skilled personnel to provide effective and safe care for
dependent patients with a life threatening problem.
Critical Care Unit:
It is defined as is that
specialty within nursing that deals specifically with human responses to life
threatening problems.
Emergency and Critical Care Nursing:
It is defined as is a licensed professional
nurse who is responsible for ensuring that all critically ill patients and
their families receive optimal care.
Critical Care Nurse:
It is defined as is a licensed professional
nurse who is responsible for ensuring that all critically ill patients and
their families receive optimal care.
Aim of Emergency and Critical Care:
1. Promote
optimal delivery of save and quality to the critically ill patients and their
families.
2. Care
for the critically ill patients with a holistic approach, biological,
psychological, cultural and spiritual dimension.
3. Use
appropriate and up-to date knowledge, caring attitude and clinical skills,
supported by advanced technology for prevention, early detection and treatment.
4. Provide
palliative care to the critically ill patients in situations.
Role and responsibilities of Emergency and critical care nurse:
1. Observing
and recording patient vital sign.
2. Ensuring
that ventilators, monitors and other types of medical equipment mention
properly.
3. Administering
intravenous fluid, medications.
4. Continuous
monitoring.
5. Keep
ready emergency trolley.
6. Efficient
individualized care.
7. Counseling
to family.
8. Application
of procedures.
9. Maintain
infection control.
Definition of Chronic Critical illness:
Chronic critical illness is
a distinct and intricate syndrome of physiologic dysfunctions, organ
hindrances, neuroendocrine and immunologic changes, chronic critical illness
are:
1. Stroke
2. Cancer
3. Heart
attack
4. Coronary
artery disease requiring surgery.
5. Angioplasty
6. Chronic
liver disease
7. Chronic
lung disease
8. Kidney
failure
9. Surgery
to aorta
10.
Aplastic anaemia
11.
1 1 .Major organ transplant
12.
Blindness
13.
Loss of hearing
14.
Coma
15.
Loos of speech
16.
Major burn
17.
Multiple sclerosis
18.
Paralysis
19.
Muscular dystrophy.
20.
Parkinson's disease.
Types of Critical Care Unit:
1. Intensive
care unit (ICU).
2. Neonatal
intensive care unit.
3. Pediatric
intensive care unit.
4. Coronary
Care Unit (CCU).
5. Critical
illness insurance.
Definition of ICU:
Patients
whose conditions are life threatening either through serious injury or illness need
constant, close monitoring. They often need equipment and medicines to support
normal body functions. ICUS are run by senior doctor and here are more nurses
for each patients than in an ordinary ward.
Role of ICU nurse:
1. Ensure
that equipment are properly stored after use.
2. Identify
malfunctioning equipment
3. Collaborating
with fellow members of the critical care team.
4. Assess
patient pain level.
5. Asses
the patient sedation requirement.
6. Assess
family adaptation levels and coping skills to determine whether intervention is
needed.
Definition of CCU:
A
coronary care unit (CCU) or cardiac intensive care unit (CIU) is a hospital
ward specialized in the care of patients with heart attacks, unstable angina
and cardiac dysrhythmia and in various other cardiac condition that require
continuous monitoring and treatment.
Role of CCU nurse:
1. Support
and respect for the patient's autonomy.
2. Helping
the patient to obtain the necessary care.
3. Continuous
monitoring.
4. Efficient
individualized care.
5. Counseling
and in formation to family.
6. Application
of policy and procedure.
7. Record
an activities.
8. Maintain
infection control principles.
9. Keep
update with advance information.
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