COVID-19
Definition:
COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new
strain of coronavirus. 'CO' stands for corona, 'VI' for virus, and 'D' for
disease. Formerly, this disease was referred to as '2019 novel coronavirus' or
'2019-nCoV.'
or
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an
infectious disease caused by a new strain of coronavirus. This new virus and
disease were unknown before the outbreak began in Wuhan, China, in December
2019.
Causes of Covid 19:
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is caused by
a virus, NOT by bacteria.
The virus that causes COVID-19 is in a family of viruses called Coronaviridae. Antibiotics do not work against viruses. Some people who become ill with COVID-19 can also develop a bacterial infection as a complication. In this case, antibiotics may be recommended by a health care provider. There is currently no licensed medication to cure COVID-19. If you have symptoms, call your health care provider or COVID-19 hotline for assistance.
Types of Covid 19:
Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that are known
to cause illness ranging from the common cold to more severe diseases such as
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
(SARS).
Sign and symptom of covid 19:
A. Most common symptoms:
1. fever
2. dry cough
3. tiredness
B. Less common symptoms:
1.
Aches and pains
2.
sore throat
3.
Diarrhoea
4.
Conjunctivitis
5.
Headache
6.
Loss of taste or smell
7.
A rash on skin, or
discolouration of fingers or toes
C. Serious symptoms:
1.
Difficulty breathing
or shortness of breath
2.
Chest pain or pressure
3.
Loss of speech or
movement.
Seek immediate medical attention if you have serious symptoms.
Always call before visiting your doctor or health facility.
People with mild symptoms who are otherwise healthy should
manage their symptoms at home.
On average it takes 5–6 days from when someone is infected with
the virus for symptoms to show, however it can take up to 14 days.
Nursing Management of Covid 19:
A. Nursing Assessment:
- Fever, chills
- Cough
- Dyspnea
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Myalgia
- Sore throat
- New loss of smell
(anosmia) or taste (ageusia)
- Congestion or runny nose
- Nausea or vomiting
- Diarrhea
B. Nursing Diagnosis:
1.
Possible
exposure to the virus that causes COVID-19
2.
The
patient’s level of knowledge about the transmission of COVID-19
3.
Fever
4.
Impaired
breathing pattern related to shortness of breath
5. Anxiety associated with the unknown etiology of the disease.
C. Nursing Care Planning and Goal:
- Establishing goals,
interventions
- Assessing altered skin
integrity risks, fatigue, impaired comfort, gas exchange, nutritional
needs, and nausea
- Preventing the spread
of coronavirus infection to the patient’s family members, community, and
healthcare providers
- Providing more
information about COVID-19 and its management to the patient – in a few research center poll released
June 29, 2020, only 64 percent of adults said the CDC “mostly gets the
facts about the outbreak right”
- Reducing fever
- Restoring normal
respiratory patterns
- Easing anxiety, which
is relatively common in COVID-19 patients, with a combination of anxiolytic
medications and psychotherapy that includes relaxation techniques,
breathing exercises and encouragement.
D. Nursing Intervention:
1. Monitor vital signs
2. Monitor O2 saturation
3. Manage fever
4. Maintain respiratory isolation
5. Enforce strict hand hygiene .
C. Nursing Evaluation:
- The patient successfully
prevented the spread of infection to family, the community, or to
healthcare staff
- The patient learned more about
COVID-19 and its management
- The patient had improved body
temperature levels
- Restoration to normal breathing
patterns
- Reduced anxiety.
D. Documentation Guideline:
1. Individual
findings, including any external factors affecting the patient’s illness,
interactions, nature of social exchanges, and specifics patient behaviors
2. Cultural
and religious beliefs expressed by the patient
3. Patient
expectations
4. Care
plan
5. Teaching
plan
6. Responses to nursing interventions, education, and information, and nursing actions performed
7. Attainment of, or progress toward, the desired clinical outcome and fulfillment of patient expectations.
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| covid 19 |
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