Cyst
Content:
1. Definition
of cyst
2. Causes
3. Types
4. Sign
symptoms
5. Diagnosis
6. Treatment
7. Nursing
management
8. Complications
Definition:
A cyst is a sac like pocket of membranous tissue
that contains fluid, air or other substances .It is like a blister or new lump
.Cysts can grow in many different areas of the body including the skin,
genitals or internal organs. Cyst can grow to the people of any age. Since
cysts vary in size, some may be detectable only under microscope or they can
grow so large that they are identified by palpation. The outer wall of the cyst
is called the capsule. Most cysts are benign or noncancerous.
Causes of cyst:
Most cysts form for no apparent reason. Some of the
known causes of cysts are include:
1. Blocked
ducts which causes a buildup of fluids.
2. A
defect in the cells.
3. Injury.
4. Parasites
5. Infections
6. Tumors
7. Chronic
inflammatory condition
8. Genetic
(inherited) conditions
9. Defect
in developing organs in the embryo.
Types of cyst:
There are
many types of cyst that can arise in the body. Some of the more known types of
cysts are:
1. Epidermal
inclusion cysts: small
benign cysts of the skin.
2. Polycystic
ovary syndrome: in
which the ovaries contain multiple cysts.
3. Polycystic kidney disease:
genetically inherited multiple cyst in the kidneys.
4. Breast
cyst: these cysts are usually painful and
need to be drained with a needle. There is some evidence that breast cyst might
indicate an increased risk of breast cancer.
5. Ovarian
cyst: Most
are benign but can grow to such a size that the women looks like pregnant.
Sometimes bleeding occurs into these cysts( this is called hemorrhagic cyst)
6. Cyst
within the thyroid glands or other organs such as liver, pancreas.
7. Dermatoid cyst
benign tumors that contain a mix of tissue types.
8. Baker cyst
behind the knee.
9. Ganglion cysts
of joints and tendons.
10.Bartholin’s
cysts which occurs in the small glands that lubricate the
vagina.
11.Pilonidal cyst
that occurs on the skin near the cleft of the buttocks.
12.Sebaceous
cyst: cyst of the small glands in the skin.
13.Cystic
hygroma: Occasionally, a baby is born with a small cyst
.This defect can be corrected by surgery.
Signs and symptoms of cyst:
The common symptoms of a cyst is swelling around the
area. It may be painful or not. The majority of the cyst are benign but some
can produce symptoms due to their size or location. The symptoms of a cyst
depends on the location in the organ affected. For example, ovarian cyst, depending on causes, can
produce.
1. menstrual
irregularities,
2. pelvic
pain ,
3. Painful
intercourse ,
4. Abdominal
bloating or swelling,
5. Painful
bowel movements,
6. Pain
in the lower back and thighs
7. Nausea
and vomiting
8. Cyst
in the breast may causes breast tenderness or breast lump.
9. Rarely,
cyst can be associated with malignant tumors or serious
10.
Infections.
Diagnosis of cyst:
1. Palpation
2. Ultrasound
3. X-Ray
4. CT
scan
5. MRI
6. Needle
biopsies
Treatment of cyst:
1. Most
cysts do not require treatment. Common methods of medical treatment for cyst
include in following :
2. Physicians
may drain fluids and other materials from the cyst using a needle.
3. Medications
such as corticosteroid injection to reduce inflammation in the cyst.
4. Surgery
can be done to treat some cysts.
5. Antibiotics
such as cephalexin or cloxacillin
are commonly used.
Nursing management of cyst:
1. Nursing
care plan for clients of cystic fibrosis includes maintaining adequate
oxygenation, emphasizing the importance of adequate fluids and dietary intake,
ensuring adequate nutrition, preventing complications.
2. Give
advice to the patient or clients to maintain personal hygiene.
3. Tell
the patient or clients never try to puncture the cyst or squeeze a cyst on
their own. This can lead infections.
4. Keep
the area clean by washing the lump and surrounding skin well with soap.
5. Apply
warm, wet washcloths to the lump for 20 to 30 minutes, 3 to 4 times daily.
Complications:
Some cyst are cancerous and early treatment is
vital. If left untreated, benign cysts can causes serious complications
including:
1. Infection: The
cyst fills with bacteria and pus and become an abscess. If the abscess bursts
inside in the body, there is a risk of blood poisoning (septicemia).
2. Rupture: A
cyst that rupture can cause severe pain and internal bleeding.
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